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明朝如何防止豆腐渣工程唐朝历史版图中自然界的智慧可供借鉴

在一月七日,这位探险家在长沙的天心阁古城墙上发现了一块明朝洪武年间的窑砖,窑砖上刻有负责制造官员的名字。这个发现不仅展示了明朝对于质量问题的严格追究,而且也让我们对“豆腐渣”工程危害有了更深刻的认识。窑砖上的文字显示:“长沙府礼陵县提调官典史陈福,洪武七年八月。”这块青色窑砖沉睡于天心阁古城墙东南角,600多年来一直被忽视,但它见证了长沙600多年的历史。

冯建平介绍,这是明朝洪武年间的一块窑砖,是目前在天心阁250余米古城墙上仅有的明代遗留。其他所有剩余的窑砖都是清朝咸丰年间留下来的。这块保存完好的青色窑砖实属难得,“这一段城墙差点被全部毁掉,是因为有一帮文人阻扰,才有今天的存在。”这是长沙历史文化史上的一大幸事。

这些明代以前,长沙的城墙均为土筑,但到明初已年久失修、毁坏不堪。在1372年的洪武五年,大规模地进行了城垣修缮工作。当时守御指挥使邱广,以砖石对土城墙进行全面改造,现在唯一留下的这块窑 破正好是在将土城换成火brick的时候留下的。这种火brick大约为0.5米宽0.18米高10公斤重。

为什么古castle walls上的firebrick会刻上了生产时间和制作者呢?冯建平解释说,这些都是作为firebricks of the official kiln, equivalent to a system of responsibility. Whoever built it was responsible for it; when inspected, one could immediately see which firebricks were made by whom and how good their quality was.

Today in the castle walls that can be seen are mostly firebricks from the Qing dynasty. If citizens of Changsha or tourists visiting from elsewhere discover ancient firebricks during their visit to Tianxin Pavilion, they should contact the management office of Tianxin Pavilion directly. The first person to provide information will be rewarded by Tianxin Pavilion Management Office.

According to Feng Jianping's research, Changsha has had city walls since 2200 years ago. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the west wall of Changsha city was on the banks of Xiang River, while its east wall stretched along Bridge over Xiang River to Tianxin Pavilion; its south wall lay at present-day Nanmen Gate and its north wall at present-day Chaozong Street and Yingshang Road.

The layout of Changsha city walls during Song Dynasty finally became fixed: southward at Chengnan Road and northward at Xiangchun Road; eastward facing Longfu Mountain and westward along Xiang River. In 1372 AD (during Hongwu era), major repairs were carried out on Changsa's city walls after being severely damaged by Tai Ping Rebellion led by Hong Xiuguan in 1852 AD during Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty.

As modern society developed rapidly towards end-19th century into early-20th century, parts of old city walls lost both military significance as well as obstructing urban expansion &ampamp;ampamppromotion for trade activities leading governments repeatedly decided upon demolishing them between late-Qing &dearly Republican periods (1924). However just before demolition work finished up leaving only this small stretch near Tianxin Temple unscathed due resistance from local literati who argued against dismantling heritage structures such as these historical sites like 'Tian Xin' Temple where scholars fought hard against destruction efforts but ultimately succeeded in preserving some remnants — now serving as part our cultural heritage today!

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